Stand-up Paddleboard Market Analysis North America, Europe, APAC, South America, Middle East and Africa - US, Canada, Australia, France, Germany - Size and Forecast 2023-2027

Published: Oct 2023 Pages: 159 SKU: IRTNTR44399

Stand-up Paddleboard Market Report 2023-2027 

The stand-up paddleboard market size is estimated to grow by USD 184.63 million accelerating at a CAGR of 8.53% between 2022 and 2027. The growth of the market depends on several factors such as the growing adoption of surfing in adventure tourism, the increasing number of surfing contests, and the growing use of SUP for yoga and other leisure activities.

To learn more about this report, Download Sample PDF

This stand-up paddleboard market report extensively covers market segmentation by Distribution Channel (sports goods retailers, department stores, and online retailers), Product (inflatables and hardboards), and Geography (North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East and Africa). It also includes an in-depth analysis of drivers, trends, and challenges. Furthermore, the report includes historic market data from 2017 - 2021.

The sports goods retailers segment will account for a major share of the market's growth during the market growth. This distribution channel involves companies that deliver their products through sports specialty stores, vendor-specific showrooms, and rental stores. Growing customer inclination toward the touch-and-feel experience in shopping has been driving the growth of sports specialty stores and vendor-specific showrooms.

Get a glance at the market contribution of various segments Download Sample PDF

The sports goods retailers segment was valued at  USD 153.92 million in 2017 and continued to grow until 2021Another benefit of this segment is that trained staff can help fix queries regarding the usage of a product that some customers may face while deciding on a purchase. This factor differentiates sports goods retailers from online retailers, where buyers must depend on the information provided by the product description or from the department store, whose staff may only know about product basics. Specialized SUP retailers face considerable challenges as sales are seasonal and substantial inventory must be maintained throughout the year, even if sales are restricted. Advanced preference to shop SUP from sports goods retailers will positively influence the growth of the market in focus during the forecast period.

Stand-up Paddleboard Market Regions

For more insights on the market share of various regions Download PDF Sample now!

North America is estimated to contribute 43% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio’s analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

The Stand-up paddleboard (SUP) market in North America has experienced significant expansion, propelled by various factors. These include a growing enthusiasm for recreational sports, an increasing influx of both international and domestic tourists, the rapid expansion of surfing championships and events, and the presence of well-established companies in the industry. The surging popularity of diverse water sports, particularly surfing, is fueling the demand for SUPs in the United States. Furthermore, the rise in inbound tourism is a key driver for surfing, subsequently boosting the demand for SUPs in the country. A growing number of individuals are transitioning from traditional ocean paddling or surfing to engaging in recreational activities such as SUP yoga, exercises, and adventure sports. This evolving trend is expected to generate heightened interest in SUPs throughout the forecast period, thereby contributing to the overall growth of the SUP market in North America.

Key Companies and Market Share Stand-up Paddleboard Market Analysis

Companies are implementing various strategies, such as strategic alliances, partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, geographical expansion, and product/service launches, to enhance their presence in the market.

Aqua Leisure Recreation LLC - The company offers stand-up paddleboard through its subsidiary Airhead Sports Group such as Fiberglass Paddle For Stand Up Paddleboard.

The research report also includes detailed analyses of the competitive landscape of the market and information about 15 market companies, including:

  • Boardworks Surf and Sup.
  • C4 Waterman
  • Cascadia Board Co.
  • Goodhill Co. Ltd.
  • Hobie Cat Co.
  • Imagine Nation Sports LLC
  • LAIRDSTANDUP
  • Mistral Red Dot Division B.V.
  • Naish International
  • Neil Pryde Ltd.
  • RAVE Sports
  • Red Paddle Co. Ltd.
  • Starboard
  • SUP ATX LLC
  • SurfTech LLC
  • Tahe Outdoors France SASU
  • Tower
  • Wenonah Canoe
  • NRS Inc.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of companies has been conducted to help clients understand the wider business environment as well as the strengths and weaknesses of key market players. Data is qualitatively analyzed to categorize companies as pure play, category-focused, industry-focused, and diversified; it is quantitatively analyzed to categorize companies as dominant, leading, strong, tentative, and weak.

Stand-up Paddleboard Market Scope

Report Coverage

Details

Page number

159

Base year

2022

Historic period

2017 - 2021

Forecast period

2023-2027

Growth momentum & CAGR

Accelerate at a CAGR of 8.53%

Market growth 2023-2027

USD 184.63 million

Market structure

Fragmented

YoY growth 2022-2023(%)

8.0

Regional analysis

North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East and Africa

Performing market contribution

North America at 43%

Key countries

US, Canada, Australia, France, and Germany

Competitive landscape

Leading Companies, Market Positioning of Companies, Competitive Strategies, and Industry Risks

Key companies profiled

Aqua Leisure Recreation LLC, Boardworks Surf and Sup., C4 Waterman, Cascadia Board Co., Goodhill Co. Ltd., Hobie Cat Co., Imagine Nation Sports LLC, LAIRDSTANDUP, Mistral Red Dot Division B.V., Naish International, Neil Pryde Ltd., RAVE Sports, Red Paddle Co. Ltd., Starboard, SUP ATX LLC, SurfTech LLC, Tahe Outdoors France SASU, Tower, Wenonah Canoe, and NRS Inc.

Market dynamics

Parent market analysis, Market growth inducers and obstacles, Fast-growing and slow-growing segment analysis, COVID 19 impact and recovery analysis and future consumer dynamics, Market condition analysis for forecast period

Customization purview

If our report has not included the data that you are looking for, you can reach out to our analysts and get segments customized.

View PDF Sample

What are the Key Data Covered in this Stand-up Paddleboard Market Research Report?

  • CAGR of the market during the forecast period
  • Detailed information on factors that will drive the growth of the market between 2023 and 2027
  • Precise estimation of the size of the market  size and its contribution of the market in focus to the parent market
  • Accurate predictions about upcoming trends and changes in consumer behaviour
  • Growth of the market industry across North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East and Africa
  • Thorough analysis of the market’s competitive landscape and detailed information about companies
  • Comprehensive analysis of factors that will challenge the growth of market companies

We can help! Our analysts can customize this market research report to meet your requirements. 

Get in touch

1 Executive Summary

  • 1.1 Market overview
    • Exhibit 01: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Overview
    • Exhibit 02: Executive Summary – Data Table on Market Overview
    • Exhibit 03: Executive Summary – Chart on Global Market Characteristics
    • Exhibit 04: Executive Summary – Chart on Market by Geography
    • Exhibit 05: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel
    • Exhibit 06: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by Product
    • Exhibit 07: Executive Summary – Chart on Incremental Growth
    • Exhibit 08: Executive Summary – Data Table on Incremental Growth
    • Exhibit 09: Executive Summary – Chart on Vendor Market Positioning

2 Market Landscape

  • 2.1 Market ecosystem
    • Exhibit 10: Parent market
    • Exhibit 11: Market Characteristics

3 Market Sizing

  • 3.1 Market definition
    • Exhibit 12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
  • 3.2 Market segment analysis
    • Exhibit 13: Market segments
  • 3.3 Market size 2022
    • 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 14: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 15: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

    4 Historic Market Size

    • 4.1 Global stand-up paddleboard market 2017 - 2021
      • Exhibit 18: Historic Market Size – Data Table on global stand-up paddleboard market 2017 - 2021 ($ million)
    • 4.2 Distribution Channel Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021
      • Exhibit 19: Historic Market Size – Distribution Channel Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)
    • 4.3 Product Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021
      • Exhibit 20: Historic Market Size – Product Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)
    • 4.4 Geography Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021
      • Exhibit 21: Historic Market Size – Geography Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)
    • 4.5 Country Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021
      • Exhibit 22: Historic Market Size – Country Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)

    5 Five Forces Analysis

    • 5.1 Five forces summary
      • Exhibit 23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2022 and 2027
    • 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers
      • Exhibit 24: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers – Impact of key factors 2022 and 2027
    • 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
      • Exhibit 25: Bargaining power of suppliers – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027
    • 5.4 Threat of new entrants
      • Exhibit 26: Threat of new entrants – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027
    • 5.5 Threat of substitutes
      • Exhibit 27: Threat of substitutes – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027
    • 5.6 Threat of rivalry
      • Exhibit 28: Threat of rivalry – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027
    • 5.7 Market condition
      • Exhibit 29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2022 and 2027

    6 Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel

    • 6.1 Market segments
      • Exhibit 30: Chart on Distribution Channel - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 31: Data Table on Distribution Channel - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
    • 6.2 Comparison by Distribution Channel
      • Exhibit 32: Chart on Comparison by Distribution Channel
      • Exhibit 33: Data Table on Comparison by Distribution Channel
    • 6.3 Sports goods retailers - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 34: Chart on Sports goods retailers - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 35: Data Table on Sports goods retailers - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 36: Chart on Sports goods retailers - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 37: Data Table on Sports goods retailers - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 6.4 Department stores - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 38: Chart on Department stores - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 39: Data Table on Department stores - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 40: Chart on Department stores - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 41: Data Table on Department stores - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 6.5 Online retailers - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 42: Chart on Online retailers - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 43: Data Table on Online retailers - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 44: Chart on Online retailers - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 45: Data Table on Online retailers - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 6.6 Market opportunity by Distribution Channel
      • Exhibit 46: Market opportunity by Distribution Channel ($ million)
      • Exhibit 47: Data Table on Market opportunity by Distribution Channel ($ million)

    7 Market Segmentation by Product

    • 7.1 Market segments
      • Exhibit 48: Chart on Product - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 49: Data Table on Product - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
    • 7.2 Comparison by Product
      • Exhibit 50: Chart on Comparison by Product
      • Exhibit 51: Data Table on Comparison by Product
    • 7.3 Inflatables - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 52: Chart on Inflatables - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 53: Data Table on Inflatables - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 54: Chart on Inflatables - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 55: Data Table on Inflatables - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 7.4 Hardboards - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 56: Chart on Hardboards - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 57: Data Table on Hardboards - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 58: Chart on Hardboards - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 59: Data Table on Hardboards - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 7.5 Market opportunity by Product
      • Exhibit 60: Market opportunity by Product ($ million)
      • Exhibit 61: Data Table on Market opportunity by Product ($ million)

    8 Customer Landscape

    • 8.1 Customer landscape overview
      • Exhibit 62: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria

    9 Geographic Landscape

    • 9.1 Geographic segmentation
      • Exhibit 63: Chart on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 64: Data Table on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.2 Geographic comparison
      • Exhibit 65: Chart on Geographic comparison
      • Exhibit 66: Data Table on Geographic comparison
    • 9.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 67: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 68: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 69: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 70: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 71: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 72: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 73: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 74: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.5 APAC - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 75: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 76: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 77: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 78: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 79: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 80: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 81: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 82: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 83: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 84: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 85: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 86: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.8 US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 87: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 88: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 89: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 90: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.9 France - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 91: Chart on France - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 92: Data Table on France - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 93: Chart on France - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 94: Data Table on France - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.10 Canada - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 95: Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 96: Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 97: Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 98: Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.11 Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 99: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 100: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 101: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 102: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.12 Australia - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
      • Exhibit 103: Chart on Australia - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 104: Data Table on Australia - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
      • Exhibit 105: Chart on Australia - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit 106: Data Table on Australia - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • 9.13 Market opportunity by geography
      • Exhibit 107: Market opportunity by geography ($ million)
      • Exhibit 108: Data Tables on Market opportunity by geography ($ million)

    10 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

    • 10.1 Market drivers
      • 10.2 Market challenges
        • 10.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
          • Exhibit 109: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2022 and 2027
        • 10.4 Market trends

          11 Vendor Landscape

          • 11.1 Overview
            • 11.2 Vendor landscape
              • Exhibit 110: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
            • 11.3 Landscape disruption
              • Exhibit 111: Overview on factors of disruption
            • 11.4 Industry risks
              • Exhibit 112: Impact of key risks on business

            12 Vendor Analysis

            • 12.1 Vendors covered
              • Exhibit 113: Vendors covered
            • 12.2 Market positioning of vendors
              • Exhibit 114: Matrix on vendor position and classification
            • 12.3 Aqua Leisure Recreation LLC
              • Exhibit 115: Aqua Leisure Recreation LLC - Overview
              • Exhibit 116: Aqua Leisure Recreation LLC - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 117: Aqua Leisure Recreation LLC - Key offerings
            • 12.4 Boardworks Surf and Sup.
              • Exhibit 118: Boardworks Surf and Sup. - Overview
              • Exhibit 119: Boardworks Surf and Sup. - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 120: Boardworks Surf and Sup. - Key offerings
            • 12.5 C4 Waterman
              • Exhibit 121: C4 Waterman - Overview
              • Exhibit 122: C4 Waterman - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 123: C4 Waterman - Key offerings
            • 12.6 Cascadia Board Co.
              • Exhibit 124: Cascadia Board Co. - Overview
              • Exhibit 125: Cascadia Board Co. - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 126: Cascadia Board Co. - Key offerings
            • 12.7 Goodhill Co. Ltd.
              • Exhibit 127: Goodhill Co. Ltd. - Overview
              • Exhibit 128: Goodhill Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 129: Goodhill Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
            • 12.8 Imagine Nation Sports LLC
              • Exhibit 130: Imagine Nation Sports LLC - Overview
              • Exhibit 131: Imagine Nation Sports LLC - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 132: Imagine Nation Sports LLC - Key offerings
            • 12.9 LAIRDSTANDUP
              • Exhibit 133: LAIRDSTANDUP - Overview
              • Exhibit 134: LAIRDSTANDUP - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 135: LAIRDSTANDUP - Key offerings
            • 12.10 Naish International
              • Exhibit 136: Naish International - Overview
              • Exhibit 137: Naish International - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 138: Naish International - Key offerings
            • 12.11 NRS Inc.
              • Exhibit 139: NRS Inc. - Overview
              • Exhibit 140: NRS Inc. - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 141: NRS Inc. - Key offerings
            • 12.12 Red Paddle Co. Ltd.
              • Exhibit 142: Red Paddle Co. Ltd. - Overview
              • Exhibit 143: Red Paddle Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 144: Red Paddle Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
            • 12.13 Starboard
              • Exhibit 145: Starboard - Overview
              • Exhibit 146: Starboard - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 147: Starboard - Key offerings
            • 12.14 SUP ATX LLC
              • Exhibit 148: SUP ATX LLC - Overview
              • Exhibit 149: SUP ATX LLC - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 150: SUP ATX LLC - Key offerings
            • 12.15 Tahe Outdoors France SASU
              • Exhibit 151: Tahe Outdoors France SASU - Overview
              • Exhibit 152: Tahe Outdoors France SASU - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 153: Tahe Outdoors France SASU - Key offerings
            • 12.16 Tower
              • Exhibit 154: Tower - Overview
              • Exhibit 155: Tower - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 156: Tower - Key offerings
            • 12.17 Wenonah Canoe
              • Exhibit 157: Wenonah Canoe - Overview
              • Exhibit 158: Wenonah Canoe - Product / Service
              • Exhibit 159: Wenonah Canoe - Key offerings

            13 Appendix

            • 13.1 Scope of the report
              • 13.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
                • Exhibit 160: Inclusions checklist
                • Exhibit 161: Exclusions checklist
              • 13.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
                • Exhibit 162: Currency conversion rates for US$
              • 13.4 Research methodology
                • Exhibit 163: Research methodology
                • Exhibit 164: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
                • Exhibit 165: Information sources
              • 13.5 List of abbreviations
                • Exhibit 166: List of abbreviations

              Research Framework

              Technavio presents a detailed picture of the market by way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources. The analysts have presented the various facets of the market with a particular focus on identifying the key industry influencers. The data thus presented is comprehensive, reliable, and the result of extensive research, both primary and secondary.

              INFORMATION SOURCES

              Primary sources

              • Manufacturers and suppliers
              • Channel partners
              • Industry experts
              • Strategic decision makers

              Secondary sources

              • Industry journals and periodicals
              • Government data
              • Financial reports of key industry players
              • Historical data
              • Press releases

              DATA ANALYSIS

              Data Synthesis

              • Collation of data
              • Estimation of key figures
              • Analysis of derived insights

              Data Validation

              • Triangulation with data models
              • Reference against proprietary databases
              • Corroboration with industry experts

              REPORT WRITING

              Qualitative

              • Market drivers
              • Market challenges
              • Market trends
              • Five forces analysis

              Quantitative

              • Market size and forecast
              • Market segmentation
              • Geographical insights
              • Competitive landscape

              PURCHASE FULL REPORT OF

              stand-up paddleboard market market

              Key Questions Answered

              • What are the key global market and the regional market share?
              • What are the revenue-generating key market segments?
              • What are the key factors driving and challenging this market’s growth?
              • Who are the key market vendors and their growth strategies?
              • What are the latest trends influencing the growth of this market?
              • What are the variables influencing the market growth in the primary regions?
              • What are the factors influencing the growth of the parent market?

              Why should you prefer Technavio's market insights report?

              • Off-the-shelf research reports
              • Reports can be tailored to meet the customer's needs
              • Trusted by more than 100 fortune 500 organizations
              • Information about the market's key drivers, trends, and challenges
              • Parent market analysis
              • Every week, 50,000 people visit our subscription platform
              • Detailed vendors report with competitive landscape
              • Covid-19 impact and recovery analysis
              • Data on revenue-generating market segments
              • Details on the market shares of various regions
              • Five-force market analysis